Cathode Rays: Later Discoveries 1856-1940 Joseph John Thomson [Wikipedia] 1870-1942 Jean Baptiste Perrin [Wikipedia] 1861-1928 Emil Johann Wiechert [Wikipedia] 1851-1901 George Francis FitzGerald [Wikipedia] |
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1895 | Jean Perrin Nouvelles propriétés des rayons cathodiques Comptes Rendus 121, 1130-1134 (1895). [Acad. Sci. France] |
1897 | Emil Wiechert Ueber das Wesen der Elektrizität Schriften der Physikalisch-Ökonomischen, Gesellschaft zu Königsberg, Volume 38, pp. 3-12 (1897). [Google] Emil Wiechert Experimentelles über die Kathodenstrahlen Schriften der Physikalisch-Ökonomischen Gesellschaft zu Königsberg, Volume 38, pp. 12-16 (1897). [Google] |
1897 | Josseph John Thomson What he did (1) The cathode rays can be bent with electric field !! J. J. Thomson revisited Hertz's experiment with higher vacuum condition to elliminate possible shielding effects by ionized gases around the cathode rays. It worked! (2) m/e is less than 1/1000 of H+. (cf. Wiechert's m/e was 1/400 of H+.) He measured m/e in the conditions with many kinds of electrode materials and gases, and revealed that m/e was the same value for any conditions, which suggested that the "something" with m/e=1/1000 of H+ is common and fundamental substance of materials. Experimental results of Hertz and Lenard suggested that the "something" is smaller than atoms. However, it was just a speculation because "e" was not measured. Josseph John Thomson On the cathode rays (Monday, February 8, 1897) Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. Volume IX. October28, 1895--May 16, 1898 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1898) pp. 243-244. [Archive] Josseph John Thomson Cathode rays Weekly evening meeting, Friday, April 30, 1897 in Notices of the Proceedings at the Meetings of the Members of the Royal Institution of Great Britain Volume XV. 1896--1898 (William Clowes and Sons, London, UK, 1899) pp. 419-432. [Archive] [Archive] [Archive] After these presentation, the following paper has been published. J. J. Thomson Cathode rays London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazaine Journal of Science 5th Series, Volume 44, pp. 293-316 (1897). [DOI] |
1897 | George F Fitzgerald He called it "electron", which was the term introduced by Stoney. As regards the calculation of the ratio of the numerical measure of the mass of the corpuscule to the electric charge it carries, there are two suggestions that can be made in respect of it. The first is that we are dealing with free electrons in theseca.thoderays. George F Fitzgerald Dissociation of atoms The Electrician A Weekley Illustrated Journal of Electrical Engineering, Industry and Science, Volume 39, pp. 103-109 (May 21, 1897). [Princeton] |